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    Kamal:<br>
    <br>
    OK, I understand that you do not have a circulating system.  I
    suspect that this is a "once through" system where water goes
    through a certain number of polishing beds, UV, and final filters
    before heading directly to your DI taps.  I've run systems of that
    type.<br>
    <br>
    I personally don't think that calibration of your resistivity
    monitors is the thing that you should worry about. Even if your
    conductivity measures 0.04 uS/cm ... which, yes, is technically
    impossible because at room temperature water can be no less than
    0.055 uS/cm ... that is indicative of high-resistivity water.  If
    the conductivity increased to 0.08 uS/cm, however, then you know
    that something has changed.<br>
    <br>
    I would suggest that you try to get the appropriate adapter in your
    supply line so that you can install a permanent mounting point for
    your resistivity monitor.  In that way, you can look at your
    conductivity any time that you are flowing water.  You can also
    answer the question in a once through system: how long after I begin
    flowing water, does the conductivity fall to the point that I am
    getting good resistivity water.  Most importantly, if you normally
    see a conductivity of 0.04 uS/cm, and it increases to 0.08 uS/cm,
    for example, you know that something has changed.  That might be
    indicative, for example, that it is time to change your resin beds.<br>
    <br>
    While absolute calibration is nice, with all due respect to my
    friends at NIST, not all instruments need to be fully calibrated to
    provide useful diagnostic information.  I believe that this may be
    one of those cases where being able to detect a change in
    conductivity may be more important than the absolute accuracy of the
    conductivity measurement.<br>
    <br>
    Good luck,<br>
    <br>
    John<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2/2/2015 4:22 AM, Kamal Yadav wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAOfoCyh2_1ER76rH-VjzsLkEZ_tUMBGbz5uRfh8Oi597zdbLrw@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">Dear John, Noah, and Miller,
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Thank you for your response. I have gone through the
          attachment sent by John and Noah, which is identical and
          discusses about the topic in detail. I did not know this one
          is going to be difficult as well...</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>We do not have a circulating DI water loop. We have a
          conductivity meter using which we try to periodically check
          the DI water resistivity in flowing condition in a beaker
          waiting for sufficient time. I was happy as it was showing
          0.04 uS/cm :) as that would be around 25 Mohm-cm much more
          than 18.2 Mohm, until a faculty pointed out that it is
          theoretically impossible at that temperature and is evident
          from the attachments you sent.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>We have another resistivity meter in Solar Cell Center,
          that one is new and gives good reading something on which we
          can believe, so far. Calibrating that meter after sometime
          need to be identified as informed  by the supplier [Merc
          Millipore]. They do not know as of now!!</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><b>Two Options I can see: [John, Noah, Miller, please
            comment].</b></div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>1. These days 1 uS/cm standard is also available at NIST.
          But still far from ~ 0.055.  The attachment claims ASTM
          standard even at 100 uS/cm can be used to calibrate UPW range
          resistivity meter? I am little confused whether I can use the
          standard, and whether it will be stable with its conductivity.
          We are ok as long as it shows more than 16 or 17 MOhm,..but
          certainly not 25 :). The good meter from Solar cell lab shows
          around 15 Mohm-cm so we know it may be accurate. Since it is
          flowing DI water in a beaker it would be little far from 18.2
          compare to John's 17.5, I suppose!</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>2. Send out the meter to an outside agency, will work if
          agency is in India, otherwise I need to see how much it cost,
          which may be equal to buy a new one.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Thanks,</div>
        <div>Kamal.</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jan 31, 2015 at 12:03 AM, Noah
          Clay <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:nclay@seas.upenn.edu" target="_blank">nclay@seas.upenn.edu</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div style="word-wrap:break-word">Kamal,
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Personally, I would send out your meter(s) for
                calibration by an expert.  That said, here’s a reference
                from a company in the Boston area (google search:
                "calibrate ultrapure water conductivity meter”)</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.snowpure.com/docs/thornton-upw-resistivity-measurement.pdf"
                  target="_blank">http://www.snowpure.com/docs/thornton-upw-resistivity-measurement.pdf</a></div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Apparently, one can purchase standards from NIST for
                this (as stated in the above link), but I’m not sure if
                they have a standard in your range.</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Here’s another link from the same search/query:</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.thermoscientific.com/content/dam/tfs/ATG/EPD/EPD%20Documents/Application%20&%20Technical%20Notes/Water%20Analysis%20Instruments%20and%20Supplies/Lab%20Electrodes%20and%20Sensors/Ion%20Selective%20Electrodes/AN-PUREWATER-E%20RevA-HIGHRES.pdf"
                  target="_blank">http://www.thermoscientific.com/content/dam/tfs/ATG/EPD/EPD%20Documents/Application%20&%20Technical%20Notes/Water%20Analysis%20Instruments%20and%20Supplies/Lab%20Electrodes%20and%20Sensors/Ion%20Selective%20Electrodes/AN-PUREWATER-E%20RevA-HIGHRES.pdf</a></div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>Best of luck,</div>
              <div>Noah Clay</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div><i>Director, Quattrone Nanofabrication Facility</i></div>
              <div><i>School of Engineering & Applied Sciences</i></div>
              <div><i>University of Pennsylvania</i></div>
              <div><i><a moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="http://nano.upenn.edu" target="_blank">nano.upenn.edu</a></i></div>
              <div><i><br>
                </i></div>
              <div><br>
                <div>
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div>
                      <div class="h5">
                        <div>On Jan 30, 2015, at 11:12 AM, John Shott
                          <<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:shott@stanford.edu"
                            target="_blank">shott@stanford.edu</a>>
                          wrote:</div>
                        <br>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div class="h5">
                          <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> Kamal:<br>
                            <br>
                            Let me start by saying that I've never
                            actually tried to calibrate meters of this
                            type.  Why?  Because it is not easy.  Here
                            is a good reference article from over 15
                            years ago that describes the process in
                            great detail including the fact that the
                            standard conductivity solutions only go down
                            to about 5 uS/cm ... which isn't very close
                            to the 0.06 uS/cm you are hoping to
                            measure.  They also talk about separating
                            the whole calibration process into the steps
                            of calibrating the meter itself (easy), the
                            temperature probe (reasonably easy), and the
                            "cell constant" of the probe itself (hard). 
                            A number of you will recognize that the
                            author of this paper works for a company
                            that makes and sells resistivity probes and
                            monitors.  This is not intended to be an
                            endorsement of that, or any other, company
                            ... but, I think, indicates that detailed
                            calibration of DI resistivity monitoring
                            systems is typically found primarily in the
                            companies that make and sell such
                            instrumentation rather than by the folks
                            that use such instrumentation.<br>
                            <br>
                            Their solution for high-precision
                            calibration was to measure UHP water over a
                            range of temperatures as a means of
                            determining and/or calibrating the cell
                            constant.  If you read this article,
                            however, you will conclude that this is not
                            a procedure for the faint of heart.<br>
                            <br>
                            In recirculating DI systems, I believe that
                            it is more common to have continuous
                            resistivity monitoring on both the supply
                            side and return side of the system.  In our
                            case, we typically see supply and return
                            resistivity readings about 17.7 MOhm-cm or
                            higher ... but that rarely, if ever, read
                            the theoretically expected 18.2 MOhm-cm.  In
                            fact, it is not uncommon to see a return
                            resistivity that is slightly higher than the
                            supply-side resistivity ... which would seem
                            unlikely.<br>
                            <br>
                            Then, on an occasional basis ... probably
                            not as frequently as we should ... we (well,
                            a third-party analytical laboratory) collect
                            samples and have them measured for particle
                            content, bacteria grown, total oxidizable
                            carbon, dissolved silica, and a 30-element
                            mass-spec analysis for metal levels in the
                            ppt range that is commonly used for DI
                            systems.  In short, there are lots of things
                            that CAN be wrong with DI water that are not
                            seen by even an accurate resistivity
                            measurement.  In other words, as long as our
                            resistivity readings are on the order of
                            17.5 MOhm-cm or above on both supply and
                            return lines, I, for one, don't worry about
                            the resistivity aspects of our water.  In
                            fact, earlier this week, I was comparing
                            these DI analytical test results with
                            another frequent contributor to this forum
                            from the Bay Area institution with the
                            longest history as a university laboratory
                            in this field.<br>
                            <br>
                            Finally, when you say "periodic monitoring"
                            do you mean that you have a probe in a
                            continuously recirculating loop and you want
                            to look at the resistivity of that
                            periodically ... or that you occasionally
                            collect a sample of water and are trying to
                            measure it's resistivity?  If it is the
                            latter, that can be tricky: when exposed to
                            air, DI water absorbs CO2 which forms
                            carbonic acid that can cause your
                            resistivity numbers to degrade.<br>
                            <br>
                            My guess is some of the folks that run newer
                            labs than ours will have more details about
                            the way that they monitor the DI water in
                            these newer operations.<br>
                            <br>
                            Let me know if you have any additional
                            questions.<br>
                            <br>
                            John<br>
                            <br>
                            <div>On 1/30/2015 2:01 AM, Kamal Yadav
                              wrote:<br>
                            </div>
                            <blockquote type="cite">
                              <div dir="ltr">Dear All,
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                                <div>What is the best way to calibrate
                                  conductivity meters for DI water
                                  resistivity periodic monitoring.</div>
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                                <div>Standard known conductivity
                                  solutions are available but which one
                                  is good and stable for this range of
                                  measurement. [18 MOhm-cm or ~ 0.06
                                  uS/cm]</div>
                                <div><br>
                                </div>
                                <div>Thanks a lot!<br clear="all">
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  -- <br>
                                  <div>
                                    <div dir="ltr">
                                      <div>Thanks,<br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>Kamal Yadav</div>
                                      <div>Sr. Process Technologist<br>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>IITBNF, EE Department,
                                        Annexe,</div>
                                      <div>IIT Bombay, Powai</div>
                                      <div>Mumbai 400076</div>
                                      <div>Internal: 4435</div>
                                      <div>Cell: 7506144798</div>
                                      <div>Email: <a
                                          moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          href="mailto:kamal.yadav@gmail.com"
                                          target="_blank">kamal.yadav@gmail.com</a>,
                                        <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                          href="mailto:kamalyadav@ee.iitb.ac.in"
                                          target="_blank">kamalyadav@ee.iitb.ac.in</a></div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <br>
                              <fieldset></fieldset>
                              <br>
                              <pre>_______________________________________________
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</pre>
                            </blockquote>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <span><thornton-upw-resistivity-measurement.pdf></span>_______________________________________________<span
                        class=""><br>
                        labnetwork mailing list<br>
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                          href="mailto:labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu"
                          target="_blank">labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu</a><br>
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                          target="_blank">https://www-mtl.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/labnetwork</a><br>
                      </span></div>
                  </blockquote>
                </div>
                <br>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
        <br clear="all">
        <div><br>
        </div>
        -- <br>
        <div class="gmail_signature">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div>Thanks,<br>
            </div>
            <div>Kamal Yadav</div>
            <div>Sr. Process Technologist<br>
            </div>
            <div>IITBNF, EE Department, Annexe,</div>
            <div>IIT Bombay, Powai</div>
            <div>Mumbai 400076</div>
            <div>Internal: 4435</div>
            <div>Cell: 7506144798</div>
            <div>Email: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:kamal.yadav@gmail.com" target="_blank">kamal.yadav@gmail.com</a>,
              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:kamalyadav@ee.iitb.ac.in" target="_blank">kamalyadav@ee.iitb.ac.in</a></div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
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