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    Aaron,<br>
    <br>
         It has been some years since I worked at the Nuclear Physics
    Lab at Rutgers University (with an 8MeV Van De Graff particle
    accelerator), but I will relay what I know.  10 keV x-rays are
    barely able to make it past the chamber walls.  Of course, this
    depends upon the proximity of the gun to the chamber walls, their
    thickness, and the material they are constructed from.  It is always
    good to confirm this with a Geiger Counter.  <br>
    <br>
         Over years that I have been here at Princeton, occasionally
    someone from our own EHS is sent over to measure the amount of
    radiation being produced by our tools, and they have never been able
    to get a reading over background.  You would get a larger dose of
    radiation while standing in front of the bananas (K40) at Shop Rite,
    sleeping next to someone (C14), living in Denver, Co, or flying in
    an airplane.  I don't mean to belittle their concern; when involved
    in any research that involves the possibility of radiation exposure,
    keeping track of your cumulative dosage is important.  In short, I
    am generally not concerned with anything lower than 10keV.  <br>
    <br>
    Regards,<br>
    <br>
    Joe Palmer<br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/27/2020 11:21 PM, Aaron Hryciw
      wrote:<br>
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        <div>Dear colleagues,<br>
          <br>
          One of the users in our open-access facility recently
          expressed concern about x-ray production in electron-beam
          evaporation systems.  Since the typical acceleration voltage
          in our e-beam systems is 7–10 kV, he was concerned that
          bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-rays would be generated
          during deposition, with a maximum energy of 7–10 keV (soft to
          hard x-rays), and that these x-rays would pose a health and
          safety hazard to an operator standing next to the viewport for
          ~30 minutes.<br>
          <br>
          A literature search yielded a few reports describing radiation
          damage to sensitive devices from x-rays produced during an
          e-beam metallization step, but I did not find any mention of
          related health and safety considerations.  While some x-rays
          are undoubtedly produced, presumably there are reasons why
          they are not hazardous to an operator (e.g., perhaps total
          x-ray output is very small, majority of x-ray spectrum is low
          energy, x-rays do not penetrate stainless steel chamber walls
          or viewport windows, etc.).  I would like to answer this user
          with specific physical arguments as to why the hazard is
          insignificant, however, so any advice you could offer to this
          end would be greatly appreciated.  Many thanks.<br>
          <br>
          Cheers, <br>
          <br>
           – Aaron<br>
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                                      style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial;white-space:pre-wrap;line-height:1.38;background-color:transparent">Fabrication Group Manager</span><br>
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                                      style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Canada T6G 2V4 </span><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent"> </span><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">                </span><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">Ph: 780-940-7938</span></p>
                                    <span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent"><a href="http://www.nanofab.ualberta.ca/" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">www.nanofab.ualberta.ca</a></span><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent">    </span></font></span><font
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
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    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Joseph E. Palmer
Chief of Operations for the MNFL
PRISM, Princeton University
Contact:
Office (Tuesdays and Thursdays): 609-258-4706
Cell: 609-731-8962</pre>
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