<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<style type="text/css" style="display:none;"> P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} </style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
Hello Philipp,</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
We've had the same problem. I agree faster is better.</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
We suspect that stray electrons and ionized metal molecules are interacting with the ebeam resist. We have some limited success in mounting magnets behind the sample to steer them away.</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
We have had <u>significantly </u>better results by using a smaller crucible. We switched from a 15cc down to 7cc. This reduced our current required to melt from 80mA to 40mA. If you can't use a smaller crucible, try using a graphite spacer between the crucible
and the pocket.</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="elementToProof">
<br>
</div>
<div id="Signature">
<div style="font-family: Aptos, Aptos_EmbeddedFont, Aptos_MSFontService, Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<br>
</div>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><i>Best,</i></span></p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><i>Tucson Richelson</i></span></p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">-------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><b>Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Lab (HMNTL)</b></span></p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;"><b>University of Illinois</b></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><b><br>
</b></span>Rm 2104</p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
208 North Wright St. Urbana, IL 61801</p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
Ph: 217-244-5138</p>
<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(36, 36, 36);">
Web: <span style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);"><a style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" data-linkindex="0" data-safelink="true" data-auth="NotApplicable" href="http://mntl.illinois.edu/">http://mntl.illinois.edu/</a></span></p>
</div>
<div id="appendonsend"></div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> labnetwork <labnetwork-bounces@mtl.mit.edu> on behalf of Hess, Larry A. (GSFC-5530) <larry.hess-1@nasa.gov><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 23, 2025 12:16<br>
<b>To:</b> Ryan Rivers <rrivers@berkeley.edu>; Philipp Altpeter <philipp.altpeter@lmu.de><br>
<b>Cc:</b> labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu <labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [labnetwork] [EXTERNAL] [BULK] Re: Bubble formation when e-beam evaporating Gold on PMMA</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<style>
<!--
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math"}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri}
@font-face
{font-family:Aptos}
@font-face
{font-family:Consolas}
p.x_MsoNormal, li.x_MsoNormal, div.x_MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif}
a:link, span.x_MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline}
pre
{margin:0in;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"}
span.x_HTMLPreformattedChar
{font-family:Consolas}
span.x_EmailStyle21
{font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;
color:windowtext}
.x_MsoChpDefault
{font-size:10.0pt}
@page WordSection1
{margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in}
div.x_WordSection1
{}
-->
</style>
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div class="x_WordSection1">
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Hi Philipp,</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">I second Ryan’s suggestion about depositing faster!</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best,</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Larry</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Larry A. Hess, PhD</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">NASA</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Goddard Space Flight Center</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">8800 Greenbelt Road</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Code 553, Detector Systems Branch</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Building 11, Room E011</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Greenbelt, MD 20771</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">301-286-0259 (P)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">301-286-1672 (F) </span></p>
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none; border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt; padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> labnetwork <labnetwork-bounces@mtl.mit.edu>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Ryan Rivers<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 22, 2025 3:21 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Philipp Altpeter <philipp.altpeter@lmu.de><br>
<b>Cc:</b> labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXTERNAL] [BULK] Re: [labnetwork] Bubble formation when e-beam evaporating Gold on PMMA</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<table class="x_MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left" style="border:solid black 1.5pt">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%" style="width:100.0%; border:none; background:#FFEB9C; padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; color:black">CAUTION:</span></b><span style="color:black">
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; color:black">This email originated from outside of NASA. Please take care when clicking links or opening attachments. Use the "Report Message" button to report suspicious messages to the NASA SOC.</span><span style="color:black">
</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
</p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Hi Philipp, </p>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Looks like a heat transfer problem. If you've installed a new tool, it's likely the heat transfer is different than your old one. Here's some basics that can drive it:</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Source to substrate distance - you probably can't do anything about this parameter but if this changed from one tool to the other it can be the driving cause of thermal failure. A closer throw distance makes
for less wasted material but larger transfer of radiant energy.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Fixturing of the wafer (a wafer with no fixturing behind it heats much faster than one on a thermally conductive surface, even in vacuum) - if your wafer's only being held up by an edge ring you can usually mount a 1/8" copper or other
high specific heat disc behind it and help alleviate this kind of problem.<br>
<br>
Otherwise it's just pure process development and keeping your total energy emitted from the melt as low as possible. PMMA is fragile stuff and it tends to react strongly to minor heat loads. One of the more counterintuitive realities is that going *faster*
may help. Faster depositions finish faster and give the PMMA less time to heat up and react. Bump your dep rate to 4A/s (and make sure to recalibrate your rise and soak before opening the shutter) and see if the problem gets better.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">-Ryan</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">On Tue, Jul 22, 2025 at 7:20<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span>AM Philipp Altpeter <<a href="mailto:philipp.altpeter@lmu.de">philipp.altpeter@lmu.de</a>> wrote:</p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border:none; border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt; margin-left:4.8pt; margin-right:0in">
<div>
<p>Dear all,</p>
<p>In recent months, we installed a new UHV e-beam evaporator and have since encountered significant issues with our standard lift-off process using 3<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span>nm Chromium followed by 50<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span>nm
Gold. Specifically, we are observing the formation of large bubbles beneath the PMMA, which severely damage the PMMA layer (see image below). The rate is decently low, 0.6 A/s at around 40mA emission current, 10 kV. After around 30 nm of thickness, bubbles
become clearly visible.</p>
<p>Interestingly, deposition on bare silicon, silicon dioxide, or other (photo)resists appears to proceed without problems.</p>
<p>We have already tried adjusting various parameters — including cooling conditions, beam wobbling, throw distance, and acceleration voltage. We also modified the PMMA baking protocol and tested PMMA dissolved in different solvents — all without success.</p>
<p>If anyone has experienced similar issues or has suggestions for troubleshooting, your input would be greatly appreciated.</p>
<p>Thank you in advance for your help!</p>
<p>Best regards,<br>
Philipp</p>
<p> </p>
<p><img border="0" width="526" height="394" id="x_Picture_x0020_1" style="width:5.4791in; height:4.1041in" data-outlook-trace="F:1|T:1" src="cid:image001.png@01DBFBD4.03F26F60"></p>
<pre>-- </pre>
<pre>Philipp Altpeter</pre>
<pre>Fakultät für Physik der LMU</pre>
<pre>LS Prof. Efetov</pre>
<pre>Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1</pre>
<pre>D-80539 München</pre>
<pre>T. +49 (0)89 2180-3733</pre>
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">_______________________________________________<br>
labnetwork mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu" target="_blank">labnetwork@mtl.mit.edu</a><br>
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://mtl.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/labnetwork__;!!DZ3fjg!9v0TqUte8U4KBsRFqoi_k_7cjfTiWyOuhZID6Pz3dHJR1fVkFBTB8GGe6wc7Vd_d-8yCFF-8dAYmWtEyuzaKjGaU5w$" target="_blank">https://mtl.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo.cgi/labnetwork</a></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>